Category: Journal

A Preliminary Study on Driver’s Mental Workload in Urban and Rural Environment

A Preliminary Study on Driver’s Mental Workload in Urban and Rural Environment

Nurainaa KABILMIHARBI¹, Nor Kamaliana KHAMIS¹∗, Madihah MUJAINI²

Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia1,2,3,4,5,6,8

School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia7

mfirdaus@miros.gov.my1

Page 58 – 62   |   Vol. 5 No. 2 2020   |   Available online on 1 December 2020

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Abstract

Statistics showed that mental workload is among the top 10 causes of accident in Malaysia which leads to more than a thousand deaths from 2011 to 2018. Driving distraction forces the driver to focus on causes other than driving thus, this condition will increase the mental workload among the drivers. Factors that can contribute to the increment of driver’s workload includes vehicle, human-related and external factors. This study aims to assess the driver’s mental workload using two types of subjective evaluation namely the NASA TLX and Karolinska Sleeping Scale (KSS) on different types of road environment complexity.

Methods: Six healthy participants performed a simulated driving task for two different road scenes which are urban and rural road where the NASA-TLX and KSS score were recorded.
Results: Results show that the different road environment complexity affects the driver’s mental workload differently where NASA-TLX average score for urban road is higher compared to the score for rural road. On the other hand, KSS level indicates a higher score on sleepiness level when driving on the rural road compared to driving on the urban road.

Conclusion: These findings might be useful as a reference to further understanding of driver’s mental workload when driving on different type of road environment complexity.

Keywords

Driver’s Mental Workload, Road Environment Complexity, NASA-TLX, KSS

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Physical Ergonomic Application Preferences in The Design Development Process Among Malaysian Designers

Physical Ergonomic Application Preferences in The Design Development Process Among Malaysian Designers

Muhamad Ezran  ZAINAL ABDULLAH¹∗, Khairul Aidil Azlin ABD RAHMAN², Ruhaizin SULAIMAN³, Mohd Yazid MOHD YUNOS³ and Nor Hamizah ABDUL HAMID³

Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia1,2,3,4,5,6,8

School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia7

mfirdaus@miros.gov.my1

Page 53 – 57   |   Vol. 5 No. 2 2020   |   Available online on 1 December 2020

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Abstract

The industrial designer holds a crucial part in the cycle of consumer culture by making new technology pleasant to be owned. The enjoyment of having an object falls within the aesthetic and ergonomic concept, where user preferences are given precedence. This research aims to see present practices among Malaysians who are specialized in the field of design, applying one of the physical ergonomic sub-criteria. A collection of information from 603 participants was acquired through 32 organizations that exercise design-related practices using a non-probability purposive sampling study. An overall understanding of Malaysian designers’ tendency for physical ergonomics during the design development phase has been structured in line with the physical ergonomic sub-domain. The primary finding of this study is the amount of precedence segregation within the physical ergonomic component, helping designers to determine the most significant values during the design process. This will significantly assist the designer in performing the design development task by improving its effectiveness. This tabulation on the preference of the designer will also support in developing a new design structure comprised of the improved element in the physical ergonomic domain. Furthermore, it will positively assist the university in Malaysia to search for the loophole in their curriculum construct to improve the performance of their design-related students further.

Keywords

Mobile application, motorcyclists’ behaviour, road safety.

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

The Association Between Psychosocial Factors and Musculoskeletal Discomfort Among Administrative Staff

The Association Between Psychosocial Factors and Musculoskeletal Discomfort Among Administrative Staff

THULASHINI¹, Mirta WIDIA¹

Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia1,2,3,4,5,6,8

School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia7

mfirdaus@miros.gov.my1

Page 30 – 35   |   Vol. 5 No. 2 2020   |   Available online on 1 December 2020

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Abstract

Administration entails a high level of computerization and many other tasks with multiple risk factors (including psychosocial), affecting workers health and well-being. This study aims to determine the association between psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal discomfort among administrative staff. About 144 participants were involved in this study. Socio-demographic, musculoskeletal health and psychosocial data were collected from a composite
questionnaire; Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). The result showed that the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort for shoulders followed by neck and upper back for both male and female. The significant psychosocial factors were insecurity at work followed by influence at work. The highlighted result was a significant association between social support and job satisfaction with associated musculoskeletal pain region. In conclusion, proper organizational management and culture should be implemented to reduce the risk of psychosocial factor and musculoskeletal pain.

Keywords

Musculoskeletal discomfort, Psychosocial factors, Administrative staff, Association, Computer

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Job Description Design Based on Business Process Mapping and Workload Analysis Using M-FTE and Draws

Job Description Design Based on Business Process Mapping and Workload Analysis Using M-FTE and Draws

Adithya SUDIARNO1 , Ilham AKBAR2 , Ratna Sari DEWI3 , Anny MARYANI4 , Dyah Santhi DEWI5

1,2,3,4,5 Industrial System and Engineering Dept., Faculty of Industrial Technology and System Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institut of Technology, Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Page 9 – 13   |   Vol. 6 No. 1 2021   |    Available online on 1 Jun 2021

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Abstract

An Indonesian State-Owned Company which works on IT-based projects is experiencing an unbalanced workload among its project teams. This problem causes profit loss due to the overruns of project schedules. It has been determined that this problem originates from the job descriptions for each position that has not been well structured. Therefore, business process mapping is needed to reformulate the job description by employing a RASCI (Responsible-Accountable-SupportConsulted-Informed) Matrix. The revised job description is then used as the basis of Modified Full-Time Equivalent (MFTE) calculation and subjective workload assessment. M-FTE calculation shows the ideal number of personnel needed for a specific position. The subjective workload assessment is also conducted in this study to complement M-FTE calculation. It is conducted by using the Defense Research Agency Workload Scale (DRAWS). Both M-FTE and DRAWS indicate the overload condition of each position. Finally, this study recommends adding one personnel for each position evaluated.

Keywords

RASCI Matrix, Workload Analysis, M-FTE, and DRAWS

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Ergonomics Risk Assessment of Worker’s Tasks at CPJ Farm: An Advanced Assessment Using Reba Methodology

Ergonomics Risk Assessment of Worker's Tasks at CPJ Farm: An Advanced Assessment Using Reba Methodology

Najwa Nazihah Ishak1 , Salwa Mahmood1 , Mohd Zakwan Zulkifli2

1Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Campus, KM 1 Jalan Panchor, 84600 Pagoh, Johor

2Chareon Pokphand Jaya (CPJ) Farm Kulai, Lot 188, Jalan Sg. Sayong, 81800 Kulai, Johor, Malaysia

(*Corresponding author’s e-mail: msalwa@uthm.edu.my)

Page 1 – 8   |   Vol. 6 No. 1 2021   |    Available online on 1 Jun 2021

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Abstract

Agriculture sector is regarded as one of the essential industries worldwide and one of the unsafe sectors in developing and the developed worlds. Initial Ergonomics Risk Assessment (ERA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tools have been used to analyze the worker’s posture in the maintenance department at Chareon Pokphand Jaya (CPJ) Farm Kulai. However, this kind of job might contribute musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) related injuries, as it mostly involves tough tasks. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the ergonomics risk factors of workers’ and intended to analyze the condition of the selected task in the maintenance department at CPJ Farm Kulai. This assessment focused on cutting and welding tasks workers’ posture. This project was conducted using the ERA checklist and REBA worksheet. Kinovea
software was also used to help observe and assess the worker’s working posture. The initial ERA scores for the cutting and welding tasks are more than the minimum requirement for advanced assessment which indicates the need for further investigation. An advanced ERA needs to be performed to reduce risk factors. The results of REBA show that score obtained were 5 for both the cutting and welding tasks. Based on these scores, the worker was at medium risk for MSDs and cumulative trauma disorder (CTDs). Finally, a new ergonomic workstation design for a worker is proposed to minimize and eliminate the risk of work-related to entire body disorder exposure.

Keywords

Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Ergonomic Risk Factors, Ergonomics Risk Assessment, Rapid Entire Body Assessment

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Prevalence Study of the Risk for Musculoskeletal Disorders Among University Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Prevalence Study of the Risk for Musculoskeletal Disorders Among University Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abdul Kareem Basil Alkolak1, Ammar Adnan2, Norhashimah Mohd Shaffiar3, Mohd Hanafi Ani4, Malek Hamid5

Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia1, 3, 4, 5

SimplyErgo Sdn. Bhd., Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia2

Corresponding Author: abdmalek@iium.edu.my5

Page 106 – 118   |   Vol. 6 No. 2 2021   |    Available online on 1 December 2021

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted human daily routines. At higher education institutions, the adoption of online classes has result in increasing of electronic devices engagement among the university community, which may increase the risk for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Currently, there is no prevalence study on the risk for MSDs among the university students in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study was done to
investigate the matter. Objectives of the study are: (i) to determine the prevalence of the MSDs symptoms among the university students during the COVID-19 pandemic; (ii) to determine the correlation between the credit hours registered and the number of body parts experiencing MSDs symptoms and the level of discomfort of the MSDs symptoms; (iii) to determine the correlation between the daily hours engaged with the electronics devices for the online classes and the number of body parts experiencing MSDs symptoms and the level of discomfort of the MSDs symptom; and (iv) to determine the correlation between the level of discomfort reported and the level of interference to work reported. 137 students were responded to the questionnaire and they were undergraduate Engineering students from the International
Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) [male, n = 94; female, n = 41] between 19-29 years of age [mean = 22.94; SD = 1.73]. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) was used, in which, respondents were asked to report their body parts that experiencing MSDs symptoms (total of 12 body parts) and its frequency. Moreover, they were also asked to report the level of discomfort (3 levels – slightly, moderate, very uncomfortable) and level of interference (3 levels – not at all, slightly, substantially). The results reveal that: (i) the average number of body parts that experiencing the MSD symptoms was 6.95/12 [SD = 3.52]; (ii) the average score of the level of discomfort was 1.51/3 [SD = 0.64]; (iii) the average score of the level of interference was 1.59/3 [SD = 0.64]; (iv) the most affected body parts are neck, shoulder, upper back, and lower back; (v) there is no correlation between the credit hours registered and the number of body pain reported as well as the level of discomfort; (vi) there is correlation between the daily hours electronics devices engagement with the number of body pain reported, r (137) = 0.206; p < 0.05 and with the level of discomfort reported, r (137) =
0.201; p < 0.05; and (viii) there was a strong positive correlation between the level of pain and the level of interference reported, r (137) = 0.661; p < 0.01. This study shows university students are indeed exposed to the risk for MSDs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, the study contributes the prevalence study on the risk for MSDs among the university students during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the implementation of the online classes and focuses on the
3rd Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – good health & well being. Detail investigations can be furthered such as considering the differences between the work-related and non-work-related factors and the effect of daily routines e.g. physical activity and study habit.

Keywords

Musculoskeletal disorders; COVID-19 pandemic, college student, Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Strategising Ergonomics Sustainability: Reviewing Passive Design Approaches and Its Applications for Humane Design

Strategising Ergonomics Sustainability: Reviewing Passive Design Approaches and Its Applications for Humane Design

Stephen T.F. Poon

Integrated Sustainability & Urban Creativity Centre Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation, Malaysia

stephentfpoon@aol.com

Page 88 – 105   |   Vol. 6 No. 2 2021   |    Available online on 1 December 2021

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Abstract

This paper brings together classical principles of sustainable design to frame perspectives and
arguments for humane design in reducing environmental impacts. Research will focus on the application of ergonomic principles in the processes of choosing materials and built construction, and to discuss the impact of integrating climatic and humane design strategies. The case study compares application of three pioneering sustainable architecture. The basis of this interpretive case method of research enables a contemporary reinterpretation in ergonomics sustainability while enhancing perspectives on passive design opportunities still
valid today. The main objective of study is to examine several questions: What key architectural issues cause negative environmental impacts? How are fundamental elements of passive design be applied in developing sustainable ergonomic architecture designs without compromising future resource needs? An American case study is presented. The primary assessment method is an analysis of the ways in which the principles of economy of resources, lifecycle design and humane design are incorporated into the architectural concept and
planning. It is hoped the analysis leads field practitioners to seek environmental solutions for built construction methods and technologies, while consciously adopting a pro-environmental strategy in sustainable architectural design planning.

Keywords

Architectural Design, Construction, Humane Design, Passive Design, Sustainable
Ergonomics

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Development of the Flower Garland Stringing Device for Ergonomic Risk Reduction among Garland Makers

Development of the Flower Garland Stringing Device for Ergonomic Risk Reduction among Garland Makers

Theppitak1, K. Janphipat1, K. Khongsuk1, S. Boonkrong1, S. Sattathara1, N. Kunnatham1, C. Krungaset1, K. Meevasana2

1,2School of Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand.

2mkhanidtha@sut.ac.th

Page 68 – 87   |   Vol. 6 No. 2 2021   |    Available online on 1 December 2021

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Abstract

Flower garland makers are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) due to repetitive tasks and sitting for long periods in inappropriate postures. This study aimed to assess ergonomic risks and develop the flower garland stringing device in order to reduce ergonomic risks of flower garland makers. Participants in this study consisted of 30 garland makers. Ergonomic risk levels were assessed using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) technique prior to work improvement. The results showed that the riskiest step was threading the flower into the needle with RULA scores of 7 on both left and right sides of the body. The RULA score of 7 is categorized as high risk and needs to investigate and change immediately. Therefore, we developed the flower stringing device and improve the workstation to reduce those ergonomic risks. Usage of the device can reduce working steps that pose ergonomic risks by changing from threading flowers to needle by hands to stringing flowers to needle using the device. The device can reduce repetitive pinch grip and workstation improvement leading to the proper sitting posture. After work improvement, the satisfaction score was higher
than that of before improvement on the appropriateness of shapes and materials used in work, the convenience of working, workstation and working environment. However, the device for threading flower garlands should be improved to be able to thread flowers more quickly and make the garland to be more beautiful with higher quality.

Keywords

Ergonomics, stringing, RULA, garland

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Design Analysis of Foldable Table Armchair for Left-handed User

Design Analysis of Foldable Table Armchair for Left-handed User

M.I.A. Osman1, N. Nasir2

1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor

2School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor

1muhammadistigfar@yahoo.com

Page 56 – 67   |   Vol. 6 No. 2 2021   |    Available online on 1 December 2021

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Abstract

The left-handed person is known to have poor body posture and experience discomfort while performing writing activities on the foldable table armchair which is mostly designed for the right-handed population. Poor body postural and discomfort may lead to fatigue and muscle pain. Although many reported findings had discussed product design for the left-handed population, very little information’s on the use of CAE ergonomic analysis embedded in foldable table arm design activities were reported. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a detailed design of a foldable tabletop chair for left-handed people using computer-aided design (CAD) and to analyse appropriate hand and body posture in relation to the design by using computer-aided engineering (CAE) ergonomic analysis. By using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) analysis the postural result of the manikin on the proposed design model shows the highest risk with a score of 6 occurring at the wrist, arm, neck, trunk and leg. The risk on the neck is identified likely due to the proposed design concept not providing any neck support. As for the risk on the arm and other segments of the manikin, further analysis for result improvement can be done by optimizing the manikin sitting position on the chair and the design of the proposed chair. From Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the table was expected to have defects sooner thus a stronger wood type is to be considered than the suggested pine wood. The study concludes that the use of CAE ergonomic analysis could identify potential posture problems in the design stage thus producing better ergonomic product design.

Keywords

Design, left-handed, CAD, Ergonomics, RULA

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

The Hand – The Basic Anthropometry

The Hand – The Basic Anthropometry

D.D.I. Daruis1, N.K. Khamis2, B.M. Deros 3

1Department of Mechanical Engineering & Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Defense Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2,3Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia

1dian@upnm.edu.my

Page 49 – 55   |   Vol. 6 No. 2 2021   |    Available online on 1 December 2021

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Abstract

This study focuses on hand anthropometry data which should be the most important parameters in handheld devices and many other products that are handled with hands, however is not well-addressed. Currently, there are few Malaysian anthropometry data established, but none is specific on hand anthropometry. Therefore, it is aimed that if the basic hand anthropometry data collected for this study is congruent with the old data, more advanced hand parameters could be generated even though the subjects are limited. Thirty males and
females basic hand data were measured and compared to a 10-year-old Malaysian database. Results showed the current data are similar to the existing local hand anthropometry data with the average hand length for males being 20cm and 17.65cm for females. However, a comparison based on a confidence interval of male hand length revealed that the current data has 95% [15, 24] whilst the elderly data 95% CI [16, 18], the workforce data 95% CI [18, 19] and the adult data 95% CI [18, 19]. It shows that the anthropometry data from the current subjects
can be used to represent Malaysian hand anthropometry, based on the agreement of the basic hand anthropometry confidence interval with previously established data.

Keywords

Handheld device, design, palm length, handbreadth

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.