Category: Journal

The Study on Relationship Between Organizational Climate Dimensions and Ergonomics Citizenship Behaviour

The Study on Relationship Between Organizational Climate Dimensions and Ergonomics Citizenship Behaviour
Che Norazri bin CHE DIN1 & Nik Ramli bin NIK ABDUL RASHID2

1 Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA

2 Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA

Page 51 – 60   |   Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)   |    Available online on 1 Dec 2018

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Abstract

Ergonomic Citizenship Behaviour (ECB) is an employee extra role behaviour towards ergonomics. ECB is a new construct which is generally adapted from well-established studies relating to Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and more recently of Safety Citizenship Behaviour (SCB). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between specific Organizational Climate dimensions namely as Autonomy, Involvement, Supervisory Support and Welfare with ECB. Data were obtained from 448 employees who work in OSHMS certified manufacturing located in northern region of peninsular Malaysia using self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using Partial Least Square (Smart PLS) version 2.0. Based on the statistical analyses conducted, the findings revealed that the specific Organizational Climate Dimensions namely Autonomy, Involvement, Supervisory Support and Welfare has significant relationship with ECB. This relationship was explained from the perspective of Social Exchange Theory. This study offers empirical evidence of the new proposed construct of ECB, which very useful for prevention of employee un-ergonomics behaviour at the workplace.

Keywords

Ergonomic Citizenship Behaviour, Organizational Climate, Social Exchange Theory, Occupational Safety and Health

Acknowledgement

–

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Patient Safety Culture Attitudes among Different Healthcare Professionals in Selected General and District Hospitals: A Preliminary Study

Patient Safety Culture Attitudes among Different Healthcare Professionals in Selected General and District Hospitals: A Preliminary Study
Nuaim WAN ZULKIPLI2, Ibrahim Adham TAIB1, Niza SAMSUDDIN1, Muhammad Lokman MD. ISA2

1 Deparment of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia.

2 Deparment of Basic Medical Sciences Nursing, Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia.

Page 30 – 34   |   Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)   |    Available online on 1 Dec 2018

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Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, the reduction of accidental injury during medical procedure is heavily influenced by patient safety culture in hospitals. Patient safety culture is a collective shared behavior ranging from individual and group values, attitudes and perception that determine the commitment of an organization‟s safety management. Organizations such as the National Health Services and the National Quality Forum have suggested that by measuring patient safety culture, the healthcare industry can be improved by assessing their ability to deal with risky healthcare delivery. Because of that, a number of hospitals in developed countries such as the United Kingdom and United States of America have measured their healthcare professionals‟ patient safety attitude by using various validated safety attitude tools. One of the most commonly used tools is the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ), which has been proven by many studies to have good construct validity, internal consistency and domains properties that are associated with patient safety outcomes. The SAQ can measure healthcare professionals‟ attitude through six domains, which are teamwork climate, safety climate, perception on management, job satisfaction, working condition and stress management. Despite its importance, there is insufficient data on patient safety culture among Malaysian healthcare professionals. Thus, this study was designed to investigate differences in patient safety culture attitudes among selected healthcare professionals and types of hospital. The data analyses include descriptive, one-way ANOVA test and independent t-test in SPSS. The findings showed that doctors, nurses, pharmacists and medical assistants responded differently for safety climate, job satisfaction and working condition while teamwork climate, perception on management and stress recognition are not significantly different. The results also showed that there are significant differences between the general and district hospitals for safety climate in all domains except for working conditions. These results indicate that healthcare profession and type of hospital were factors for the SAQ scores.

Keywords

Healthcare professionals, Patient safety culture, Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ).

Acknowledgement

We are grateful to all the healthcare professionals who participated in this study and completed the questionnaire. We also would like to thank the Director General of Health Malaysia for his permission to publish this article and to the Ministry of Education, who funded this study through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS). This study has no conflict of interest.

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

A Case Study: Risk Work Practices With Slips and Falls Potential Among Food Production Workers in SME Industry

A Case Study: Risk Work Practices With Slips and Falls Potential Among Food Production Workers in SME Industry
Sharifah Aznee SYED ALI1, 2, Seri Rahayu KAMAT2, Kalthom Husin3

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic of Port Dickson, KM14 Jalan Pantai, 71050 SiRusa, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

2 Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.

3 Faculty of Education, International Islamic University College, Bandar Seri Putra, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

Page 44 – 50   |   Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)   |    Available online on 1 Dec 2018

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Abstract

Food production workstation is one of the most risky areas and equipped with different tools and materials which potentially to slip and fall accidents. The aim of this study is to analyse the discomfort working body posture and activities in small medium enterprise (SME) food industry, which contributes to slip and fall accidents. Forty workers at least one-year experience working in food SME industry were involved. A quantitative and qualitative method using survey through questionnaire and observation were utilized to identify workers’ experience in the food production workstation. RULA assessment was used to validate the instrument focusing on specific body discomfort or pain. The results indicated that seven critical activities of the food production workstation contributed to high RULA score of 7. The findings from this study yielded that minimizing the work shift was necessary to reduce the effect of prolonged standing. Workers who experienced prolonged standing would lead to fatigue and this condition triggered the potential to slip and fall hazard. Determining the best practices during work is useful for SME food industry in terms of limitation angle of the working posture, manual handling and suitable workstation. The outcome can be a guideline to the food service industries for precaution on the safety and health matters in the workstation.

Keywords

Posture, Standing, Food production, RULA Score, Slips and fall.

Acknowledgement

Authors would like to thank the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka and Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education for support of this work under the Research Grant Scheme (03/S01369).

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Development of an Error Classification System for Malaysian Primary Care

Development of an Error Classification System for Malaysian Primary Care
Nuur Asikin ABD RAMAN1, Ibrahim Adham TAIB1, *, Samsul DRAMAN2

1 Biomedical Science Department, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

2 Family Medicine Department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

*corresponding author‘s email: tibrahim@iium.edu.my

Page 35 – 43   |   Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)   |    Available online on 1 Dec 2018

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Abstract

Worldwide, medical errors occur at an unacceptable rate. Fortunately, various steps can be taken to minimise medical errors, including submitting reports to incident reporting systems, following which incidents can be categorised using error classification systems to inform risk management strategies. To this end, a diverse range of classification systems have been developed for different healthcare settings, but primary care in Malaysia has received limited attention. This study was carried out to develop an error classification system for categorising the type of medical errors in Malaysian primary care by integrating and modifying two primary care error classification systems. The new error classification system comprised of eleven major categories that branched into a total of 60 lower categories. After 107 participants analysed three cases studies, the inter-rater reliability of the 11 major categories were found to be low (Krippendorff‘s alpha = 0.347). Unsurprisingly, the 60 lower categories had an even lower inter-rater reliability (Krippendorff‘s alpha = 0.143). The participants then provided feedback about the error classification system by completing a modified questionnaire. Most of the participants viewed the error classification system as easy to use and understand. Furthermore, most of them would be willing to use the error classification system again in the future. In summary, this study successfully developed an error classification system for Malaysian primary care. Nevertheless, its low level of reliability would need to be addressed before the system can be adopted by primary care providers.

Keywords

Error Classification System, Medical Error, Primary Care, Patient Safety

Acknowledgement

–

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

A Preliminary Investigation on the Usage of an Exoskeleton System for Manual Harvesting Oil Palm Trees

A Preliminary Investigation on the Usage of an Exoskeleton System for Manual Harvesting Oil Palm Trees
Muhammad Fuad, MOHD1, Hazreen H., HARITH1, *

1 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

* corresponding author (email: hazreen@upm.edu.my)

Page 12 – 16   |   Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)   |    Available online on 1 Dec 2018

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Abstract

Agricultural activities in Malaysia is still laborious at large as numerous tasks are performed manually, including in the oil palm industry. The involvement of manual and energy-intensive activities for harvesting tasks in oil palm plantations partly limits its productivity. The manufacturing industry still involves manual tasks, however, exoskeleton systems are actively adopted to improve productivity and safety of operations involving human. Therefore, we postulate that they could also be applied in the agricultural industry. A challenge in adopting any commercially available exoskeleton system for harvesting oil palm trees is to match the system’s feature and the requirements of the harvesting task. Since manual harvesting requires extensive upper limb motion, therefore this study investigates the feasibility of using a passive upper limb exoskeleton system for manual harvesting activity. Electromyography (EMG) signal of the anterior deltoid muscle located at the shoulder was compared when carrying 2 kg, 4 kg and 5 kg loads with and without an upper limb exoskeleton system. The test involved tugging motion and holding the weights at arm’s length for 1 minute. EMG results indicate that the muscle activity was reduced when performing these exercises while donning the exoskeleton for all tested loads. Nonetheless, the exoskeleton design requires optimization to suit oil palm harvesting tasks so that the productivity and safety of manual oil palm harvesting activity can be enhanced.

Keywords

Exoskeleton, Muscle activity, EMG, Fatigue, Oil palm, Manual harvesting, Biomechanics

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) through the Geran Putra-IPM
initiative (Project title: The Development of An Exoskeleton for Oil Palm Harvesting Activity) and
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Project title: A Biomechanical-based Approach to Improve Energy Expenditure in Manual Oil Palm Harvesting Activity).

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Evaluation of Human Performance in Daily Activities Under Controlled Environment Based on Heart Rate Measurement: A Review

Evaluation of Human Performance in Daily Activities Under Controlled Environment Based on Heart Rate Measurement: A Review
N .K. Khamis1, *, S.Z Ibrahim11

1 Centre for Materials Engineering and Smart Manufacturing (MERCU), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Page 17 – 29   |   Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)   |    Available online on 1 Dec 2018

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Abstract

Performance and efficiency impairment is a critical issue particularly in the workplace. It may lead to undesirable consequences such as injury, accident and profit loss if this issue was not controlled properly in the organisation. Therefore, the three main objectives of this review are: to assess the current status of human performance research by using heart rate (HR) as physiological measures; to find relationship between HR measures and individual performance; and to identify pertinent issues related to human fatigue. A systematic literature search was performed using the following key words and synonyms: Heart rate, human, individual, occupational, worker, performance, and fatigue. Twenty two relevant laboratory studies were discussed in this review paper, chosen from electronic databases. Numerous human performance detection methods and techniques were found in the past studies. Based on this review, HR can assist researchers to determine performance according to a task demand, condition and its complexity. Overall, this review equips interested research groups, occupational health physicians, and employers with an overview of the HR measures to determine human performance in daily work practices. Future studies are needed to deal with performance and efficiency issues in daily work practices should be based on these concerns and factors found in this review.

Keywords

Heart rate, Human, Worker, Performance, Fatigue, Laboratory

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) under grant GUP-2017-094. We would like to express our gratitude to the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB), UKM, Malaysia for the support in this study.

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Sick Building Syndrome and its Associated Factors Among Office Workers in Federal House Kota Kinabalu

Sick Building Syndrome and its Associated Factors Among Office Workers in Federal House Kota Kinabalu
Valentine@Japulee GANTUL1, Jac Fang LIM1, Mohd Yusof SIDEK2, Wan Mohammad ZAHIRUDDIN2, Noraziah BAKRI1, Leonard MASUDAL1, Andrew GITAM1, Simson GUNSALAM1

1 Department of Health, Sabah, Malaysia.

2 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences University of Science, Malaysi

Page 1 – 11   |   Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)   |    Available online on 1 Dec 2018

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Abstract

Sick building syndrome is a term that has been described as a complex of non-specific symptoms caused by working in buildings with an adverse indoor environment. This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sick building syndrome among office workers in Federal House, Kota Kinabalu. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2010 among 361 office workers in Federal House, Kota Kinabalu. All workers who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Respondents were interviewed using questionnaire which was translated to Bahasa Malaysia and validated to identity the socio-demography, work environment and symptoms of sick building syndrome. Indoor air assessment was done to determine the selected chemical and physical parameters. Data were entered and analysed by SPSS 12.0 using descriptive, univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. The majority of the respondents were female (61.2%) and the staff involved were professional and management group (3.0%), support group I (82.3%) and support group II (14.7%). The mean age was 35.6 (9.22) years and median duration of working at the current workplace was 36 (76.0) months. The prevalence of sick building syndrome was 47.4% (95% CI: 42.2%, 52.5%). Logistic regression analysis showed that significant risk factors associated with sick building syndrome were female (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.35; p=0.001), history of allergic (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.30, 4.19; p=0.001) and draught condition in work environment (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.70, 4.32; p=0.001). Physical parameters were above the standard level but concentration of the chemical parameters was within the normal value. The prevalence of sick building syndrome was considered high. Those who had history of allergic, female and exposed to draught condition in work environment were at higher risk of sick building syndrome. Medical follow up should be carried out for the affected worker with regular indoor air monitoring in the workplace.

Keywords

Sick building syndrome, office workers, indoor air assessment, prevalence

Acknowledgement

–

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Graphical Vs. Nongraphical Displays: Which One is the Best Labelling System for Laboratory Searching Task?

Graphical Vs. Nongraphical Displays: Which One is the Best Labelling System for Laboratory Searching Task?
Muhamad Zul Asraf MOHD ZAMRI1, Ammar ADNAN11, Radin Zaid RADIN UMAR2, Siby SAMUEL3, Norhashimah MOHD SHAFFIAR1, Malek HAMID1, *

1 Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2 Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia

3 Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada

* Corresponding Author: abdmalek@iium.edu.my

Page 26 – 33   |   Vol. 3, No. 1 (2018)   |    Available online on 1 June 2018

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Abstract

Graphical displays are known to improve the process of obtaining information because it can be easily comprehended. It also can be recognized faster and more precisely compared to nongraphical (i.e. alphanumerical) displays. However, it is unknown if the graphical displays application in labeling systems can improve the human performance in searching tasks in general, more particularly, on reducing the completion time of searching tasks and minimizing the errors made during the laboratory searching task. The objectives of the study are: (i) to evaluate the effect of graphical displays on the completion time of searching tasks; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of graphical displays on the errors made during searching tasks. Thirty-two participants (M= 21.875 years old; SD = 1.453) were recruited for the study, and assigned evenly to either the Graphical or the NonGraphical group. Participants were instructed to search for a total of sixteen items in a laboratory, and the completion time and errors made by him or her were recorded. The findings show that: (i) in term of completion time, there was a significant difference in the performance for Graphical group (M = 743.59, SD = 103.57) and NonGraphical group (M = 985.26, SD = 345.50) conditions; t (16) =2.680, p =0.015; and (ii) in term of the errors made, there was a significant difference in the performance for Graphical group (M = 0.19, SD = 0.544) and NonGraphical group (M = 1.13, SD = 1.360) conditions; t (16) =2.560, p =0.019. The results show that graphical displays is the best labeling system for laboratory searching task for both dependent variables being evaluated. The results from this study provide additional information regarding the application of graphical displays on human performance in general, and more specifically, recommend a better and suitable display type of labeling system – which is, one of the attributes of 5S system – for searching tasks.

Keywords

Graphical Displays, Searching Task, Labeling System, Completion Time, Human Error

Acknowledgement

The research was supported by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education through the RAGS15-066-0129 grant to International Islamic University Malaysia (Malek Hamid, PI). This study was also supported by the Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia.

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Musculoskeletal Disorders in Competitive Video Gaming

Musculoskeletal Disorders in Competitive Video Gaming

Daryl Tan

Page 22 – 25   |   Vol. 3, No. 1 (2018)   |    Available online on 1 June 2018

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Abstract

This paper reviews the rising growth of the esports industry and musculoskeletal disorders which are beginning to surface as more professional gamers train and practice to be the best in their field. To do this, various content from websites and esports reports was reviewed to identify the musculoskeletal disorders which are faced by esports professionals over various video game genres. This paper also outlines some ways forward for conducting research in the esports industry.

Keywords

eSports, competitive video gaming, musculoskeletal disorders

Acknowledgement

–

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Ergonomics Intervention to Improve Plastic Roll Handling Process at Production Area in Plastic Manufacturing

Ergonomics Intervention to Improve Plastic Roll Handling Process at Production Area in Plastic Manufacturing

Muhammad Syafiq SYED MOHAMED, Isa HALIM, Akmal Hafiz AZANI, Lai Yan LING

Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.

Page 12 – 21   |   Vol. 3, No. 1 (2018)   |    Available online on 1 June 2018

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Abstract

Improper working techniques and substandard assistive device usage during manual transportation of heavy plastic rolls from storage to extrusion machine expose workstation operators to occupational health risks in a plastic manufacturing factory. This study focuses on the redesign the existing manual lift table to improve the plastic roll handling process. The procedure was initiated with a workplace observation followed by a questionnaire survey among nineteen operators. The ergonomic risk level was analysed through Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The improved design concept of the device was constructed and selected using House of Quality (HOQ) and Pugh method. Statistical analysis from the survey revealed that most operators experienced occasional discomfort (36.0%) at similar pain level (44.3%) at wrist/hands, upper back, lower back, and shoulder mainly caused by difficulty to transfer the plastic rolls using the existing device. This study concluded that the new design of the plastic roll handling device is able to improve plastic roll handling process with the largest RULA score improvement from 7 to 2. Actual fabrication of new design and application should be implemented in order to improve the work posture and reduce the exertion of excessive force.

Keywords

HOQ, MSD, plastic, Pugh method, redesign, RULA

Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to thank the Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka for funding this study by the University High Impact Short Term Grant
(PJP/2017/FKP/H19/S01527).

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.