Month: September 2016

Association Between Ergonomic Risk Factors and Musculoskeletal Discomfort Among the Hostel’s Residence of University Putra Malaysia

Association Between Ergonomic Risk Factors and Musculoskeletal Discomfort Among the Hostel’s Residence of University Putra Malaysia
Fatin Nasuha Abdul Rahim1, Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin1

1 Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

Page 77 – 85   |   Vol. 1, No. 1 (2016)   |    Available online on 1 September 2016

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Abstract

Numerous studies are conducted to study the ergonomics risk factors among schoolchildren and office workers. No study had been conducted yet on the ergonomic risk factors for university students in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with musculoskeletal discomfort among the university students. This is a cross-sectional study. The respondents were selected using a simple random sampling method. Musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) was recorded using MSD Questionnaire. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) was used to assess awkward posture of student’s torso namely bending forward movement, leaning, sitting and twisting. Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) was used to quantify risk associated with the work station of the students with computer related activities. Anthropometric measurement which consist of weight and sitting measurement of a respondents using anthropometry set to measure the possible mismatch between the body dimension of the students and furniture dimension. Four possible mismatch that measured were popliteal height and seat height; buttock-popliteal length and seat depth; knee height and table clearance; and elbow rest height and table height. Results showed that the prevalence of discomfort among the students was 76.7%. Results of Chi Square test showed that there was no association between discomfort and demographic factors for gender, age, BMI and ethnicity. There was no association between discomfort and ergonomic factors including ROSA (χ² = 2.635, p-value = 0.105), RULA (χ² = 4.634, p-value = 0.099), MSD complain (χ² = 0.032, p-value = 0.857) and mismatch (χ² = 0.332 p-value = 0.564). The prevalence of discomfort was high among the students. Therefore, a recommended chair dimension was recommend for the use in hostels to avoid the increasing of risks among the students.

Keywords

Musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD), rapid upper limb assessment (RULA), rapid office strain assessment (ROSA), mismatch

Acknowledgement

–

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Human Factors Issues in Malaysian Green Building Development: A Review

Human Factors Issues in Malaysian Green Building Development: A Review
Tsau Kar Yen1, *, Izran Sarrazin Mohammad2, Rohaya Abdul Jalil3, Abdul Hakim Bin Mohammed4

1,4 Faculty of Geoinformation and Real Estate, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia.

2,3 Centre for Real Estate Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia.

Corresponding author: kytsau1989@gmail.com

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Page 27 – 32   |   Vol. 1, No. 1 (2016)   |    Available online on 1 September 2016

Abstract

This paper reviews the importance of incorporating human factors and ergonomics (HFE) in the development of Malaysian green buildings. Apparently, the development of green buildings is often focussed on achieving energy efficiency, low carbon emission, and lower operation and maintenance cost. However, green buildings should not only be environmentally and economically sustainable. Instead, it should also be socially sustainable. Social sustainability is connected to HFE and this could help to improve the quality of green development. It is imperative to consider HFE in green buildings as it is a discipline related to the understanding of the interaction among humans and other elements of a system in order to optimise human well-being and overall system performance. However, many tend to overlook the importance of human factors in green buildings and this may lead to some of the green features failed to be implemented, performed or not utilised in a way that maximises the performance of green buildings, thus restraining the green features’ usability and their potential benefits. Therefore, based on literature review, this paper reviews the need to incorporate human factors in the green building development and how this could benefit to improve the performance of green buildings in the Malaysian context. The findings show that HFE is still in its infancy stage in Malaysia. HFE is mostly implemented in the workplace focusing on occupational safety and health to reduce musculoskeletal disorder, risk, absenteeism and illness. The findings presented in this paper could create awareness among the practitioners on the benefits of creating flexible and ergonomic green buildings that accommodate building users, promote a healthy, comfortable and productive environment.

Keywords

Green Building, Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE), Green Building Performance

Acknowledgement

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© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

The Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Counter Workers in Telecommunication Company

The Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Counter Workers in Telecommunication Company

Shamsul Bahri Mohd TAMRIN, Nur Sabreena ZAKARIA

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

Page 68 – 76   |   Vol. 1, No. 1 (2016)   |    Available online on 1 September 2016

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Abstract

The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among the frontline counter workers and the associated risks. A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 frontline counter staffs whose working at the telecommunication company in Klang Valley area. A stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents. Respondents were interviewed by using structured questionnaire and Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ). The structured questionnaire is used to determine demographic data, meanwhile CMDQ is to measure the discomfort of both right and left hands. A Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) is designed instrument to quantify exposure to office work environment. ROSA is a picture based posture checklist to obtain the risk level of workstation. The finding revealed that the prevalence of CTS among counter workers of the telecommunication company was 63%. Chi Square test indicated that there was no association between sociodemographic factors for age, gender, BMI, and race except marital status and education level with p>0.05. On the right hand, nearly 53% of the respondents had discomfort on the index and middle finger (χ²=8.45, p=0.07), 31% on the ring finger and pinkie (χ²=6.97, p=0.13), 42% on the distal thumb (χ²=1.93, p=0.75), 38% on the hand and metacarpal area (χ²=7.36, p=0.12), 53% on the thumb base (χ²=3.95, p=0.41), and 40% reported discomfort on the heel of hand (χ²=4.50, p=0.34). There was no significant association between office work design and CTS. This study found that the counter workers in telecommunication company reported high case of CTS. The prevalence of CTS was high however showed no association with the workstation assessment among counter workers area.

Keywords

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ), Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA), counter workers

Acknowledgement

We would like to extend our gratitude to the representative of the telecommunication company
for the support in this study. Not to forget, our sincerest gratitude to all the respondents who took part in this research.

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Determinants of Characteristics and Discomfort on Seating Posture Among Elderly Taxi Drivers: A Pilot Study Result

Determinants of Characteristics and Discomfort on Seating Posture Among Elderly Taxi Drivers: A Pilot Study Result
Irwan Syah Md YUSOFF1, Ahmad Zuhairi ABDUL MAJID1, Shamsul Bahri Mohd TAMRIN2

1 School of Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia

2 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

Page 86 – 96   |   Vol. 1, No. 1 (2016)   |    Available online on 1 September 2016

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Abstract

Purpose: Elderly taxi drivers among the whole taxi drivers are rapidly growth in Malaysia. The older taxi community may continue to serve their service even after retirement age of sixty years old. Therefore, older taxi drivers need to take specific consideration during driving activities according to ability and capability to sustain their life and minimizing injuries and avoiding accidents. 

Objective: This study is aimed to determine the characteristics and discomfort seating posture among elderly taxi drivers. 

Methodology: A pilot study was conducted with elderly taxi drivers using a self-administered questionnaire. It included questions on socio- demographic data, work characteristics and discomfort seating posture of the affected body part. Purposive method sampling used base on inclusive criteria; age 60 years old and above, self-driving taxi more than 1 year, no disabilities and driving using a national car. SPSS software used to analyse data. 

Results: The majority were employed by companies (59.1%) and worked more than eight hours daily (90.9%). The majority (95.5%) driving distance more than 150km per-week. More than half respondents (59.1%) having feeling back pain past 12 months. The highest feeling of discomfort on seating posture among elderly taxi drivers is at right buttock (50.0%) and left buttock is only (45.5%). At the lower back body parts indicates the highest (36.4%) discomfort on seating posture compares to other parts.

Conclusions: An elderly taxi drivers potentially having MSD causes of current car seat design and the seating posture may not follow ergonomics principles. Most of the respondents had low awareness of important seating posture to improve their lifestyle and health.


Keywords

Discomfort, elderly taxi drivers, car seat design, seating driving posture.

Acknowledgement

–

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

A Proposed Recommended Weight Limit for Lifting Activities Among Young Asian Adults

A Proposed Recommended Weight Limit for Lifting Activities Among Young Asian Adults

Ahmad Syamil Mohd HAMID, Shamsul Bahri Mohd TAMRIN

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

Page 62 – 67   |   Vol. 1, No. 1 (2016)   |    Available online on 1 September 2016

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop a recommended permissible weight standard for different types of lifting, horizontal distances, gender and body mass index (BMI) among Asian population. 

METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional experimental study recruited 72 young adults using criteria of gender and BMI (underweight, normal and overweight). Two sessions were used 1) first session is to determine maximum lifting strength (MLS), 2) second session is to determine the maximum acceptable weight to lift (MAWL). Both sessions need the respondents of two-handed exertions in four lifting types (back lifting, upper-body lifting, arm lifting and shoulder lifting) across two horizontal distances (toes aligned with and posterior to the exerted handle). Total of 8 lifting tasks were performed by each of respondent in each session. Wilcoxon sign test was used to compare between MLS and MAWL and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare MLS and MAWL between 3 different BMI. 

RESULT: For all different types of lifting and horizontal distances shows that there is a significantly higher MLS compared to MAWL (p<0.05). Male respondent had a significantly higher (p<0.05) MLS and MAWL compared to female for all types of lifting and horizontal distances. Respondent with higher BMI had significantly higher (p<0.05) MLS and MAWL compared to underweight and normal. The study showed that the maximum weight lifted and acceptable weight for lifting is at upper-body compared to back, arm and shoulder lifting types. The recommended acceptable weight to lift for male upper-body is 17.8 ± 3.5 kg and for female is 11.3 ± 4.0 kg. 

CONCLUSION: Recommended that lifting use acceptable weight limit compared to maximum weight limit. Permissible weight standard should consider gender, BMI, horizontal distances and lifting types.

Keywords

Maximum lifting strength, maximum acceptable weight, lifting, lifting types, horizontal distances

Acknowledgement

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© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

On Modelling Cognitive Load During Reading Task

On Modelling Cognitive Load During Reading Task

Hayder M. A. Ghanimi, Azizi Ab Aziz, Faudziah Ahmad

Human-Centred Computing Research Lab, School of Computing, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

E-mail: hayder.alghanami@gmail.com, {aziziaziz, fudz}@uum.edu.my

Page 55 – 61   |   Vol. 1, No. 1 (2016)   |    Available online on 1 September 2016

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Abstract

One of the main challenges that hugely effect readers’ performance is cognitive load. It plays a pivotal role to facilitate readers to learn, memorize, and digest a piece of novel information. However, cognitive load can also have insignificant impacts on reading task when the cognitive demands of the reading task when to solve a complex problem. This article proposed a computational model of cognitive load during reading task, based on Cognitive Load theory, to get deep understandings on the dynamics of cognitive load and how the different types of load like intrinsic, extraneous and germane load are affecting the level of cognitive load. A number of simulation experiments were conducted and the results showed that the model is able to produce realistic behaviours under different personalities and conditions. Furthermore, an automated verification was implemented to evaluate the model.

Keywords

Cognitive Load, reading and learning, simulations, formal analysis, computational modelling.

Acknowledgement

This research was partially funded by Universiti Utara Malaysia Doctoral Research Scholarship.

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Knowing When to Support: A Human-Aware Agent Model in a Psychological Domain

Knowing When to Support: A Human-Aware Agent Model in a Psychological Domain

Azizi Ab AZIZ

Human-Centred Computing Research Lab, School of Computing, CAS Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

Page 45 – 54   |   Vol. 1, No. 1 (2016)   |    Available online on 1 September 2016

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Abstract

The human mind is undoubtedly one of the most complicated entities in this world. The collection of processes that are performed by the human mind is indicated by cognition. Much progress has been made to allow scientists to understand this fundamental concept of mind. Formal analysis is one of the methods to unravel the mechanisms of mind. This is in line with the aim of cognitive modellers in their quest to explain the structures and the processes of the mind by building them. In this article, the foundations to develop a cognitive computational model will be discussed and a case study (model in anxiety state and traits) is presented as a basis to visualize those concepts (foundations). A number of well-known relations between events and the course of anxiety are summarized from the literature and it is shown that the model exhibits those patterns. In addition, the formal model has been mathematically analysed to find out which stable situations exist. Finally, it is pointed out how this model can be used in virtual simulation environment, supported by a software agent.

Keywords

Computational psychology, cognitive modeling, human functioning model, human-agent model

Acknowledgement

This research is fully supported by RACE grant (code S/O: 12633) and PBIT (code S/O: 12615).
The authors fully acknowledged Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) and Universiti Utara Malaysia for the approved funds which makes this important research viable and effective.

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

The Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Stress Level Among Hospital Nurses

The Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Stress Level Among Hospital Nurses
Ezrin Hani SUKADARIN1, Norraphat Uttraphan PIM1, Junaidah ZAKARIA1, Baba Md DEROS2, Nur Syazwani Md NAWI2

1 Occupational Safety and Health Program, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

2 Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Page 40 – 44   |   Vol. 1, No. 1 (2016)   |    Available online on 1 September 2016

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Abstract

Hospital nurses receive enormous amounts of physical and mental workload which causes them to develop work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and occupational stress. In this research, a cross-sectional study was carried out to identify the prevalence of WRMSDs, to evaluate the level of stress, and also to investigate the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) and stress level among one hundred and eight hospital nurses (n=108) in a government hospital. Data collection was done using three instruments, namely Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Workplace Ergonomic Risk Assessment Tool (WERA), and Stress Overload Scale Instrument (SOS). Based on the results obtained, a majority of the nurses suffer lower back pain whereas in terms of stress level, the nurses face relatively high stress level from their work. The relationship between MSCs and stress level was found to be absent. WRMSDs and stress are both multifactorial thus making it hard to conclude that the WRMSDs experienced by the nurses are caused by stress. Because of that, further study in relation to WRMSDs and stress is required to explore this issue.

Keywords

WRMSDs, NMQ, WERA, SOS

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). We would like to express our
gratitude to the Faculty of Engineering Technology (FTek), UMP Malaysia for the support in this study. Not to forget, our sincerest gratitude to all respondents who took part in this research.

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Car Users’ Aftermarket Behaviour in Klang Valley: A Special Focus on Auto Tinting

Car Users’ Aftermarket Behaviour in Klang Valley: A Special Focus on Auto Tinting
Zulhaidi MOHD JAWI1, Mohd Hafzi MD ISA1, 2, Mohd Syazwan SOLAH1, Aqbal Hafeez ARIFFIN1, Azhani ALI3

1 Crash Safety Engineering Unit, Vehicle Safety and Biomechanics Research Centre, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), Malaysia

2 ASEAN NCAP Operationalization Unit, Director-General Office, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), Malaysia

3 Behaviour Analysis and Valuation Unit, Road User Behavioural Change Research Centre, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), Malaysia

Page 33 – 39   |   Vol. 1, No. 1 (2016)   |    Available online on 1 September 2016

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Abstract

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of automotive tinting popularity among car users in Malaysia. While comfort (heat and glare) and security stand among the main reasons behind the popularity, there is however, some notable safety arguments about the automotive tinting. The prevailing regulation on auto tinting, which is dubbed as “outdated and unfair”, had caused public uproar about the permissible limit in terms of Visible Light Transmission (VLT). The results from the most recent survey on automotive consumerism are used in the discussion, together with two previous MIROS’ studies i.e. on weather issues and the auto tinting consultation report to the Ministry of Transport Malaysia (MOT). The highlights, among others, were about the aftermarket behavior among car users in Klang Valley. Out of 265 respondents, approximately 70% of them had done the tinting to their current (main) car with the declared mean and maximum cost of MYR 780.81 and MYR 4,000.00, respectively. Also, the result has supported that the auto tinting together with the tires are the most popular aftermarket items for modification and retrofitting among the car users.

Keywords

Auto tinting, Visible Light Transmission (VLT), aftermarket behavior, comfort

Acknowledgement

The recent study was supported by the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), under the Vehicle Safety and Biomechanics Research Centre (VSB) Grant No. VS102077 (Identification of Car User’s Practices and Behaviour in a Proposed Conceptual Framework of Automotive Consumerism). The authors would also like to extend their sincerest gratitude to the VSB Director, Ir. Rasid Osman, and to the researchers and research assistants at MIROS for their valuable contributions during the entire research project and the writing of this report.

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.

Multi-Modal User Interfaces: Effects of Redundant and Complementary Approaches in High Stimuli Environments

Multi-Modal User Interfaces: Effects of Redundant and Complementary Approaches in High Stimuli Environments

Steven J. Kerr, Carmen Siau

Motorola Solutions, Innovation Design – Human Factors, Penang, Malaysia

Page 16 – 26   |   Vol. 1, No. 1 (2016)   |    Available online on 1 September 2016

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Abstract

Professionals such as public safety workers have to use communication devices as part of their job which can be high stress and involve demands on their cognitive resources that would be better applied to their task at hand. Multi Modal User Interfaces (MMUI), have been proposed as a way of supporting more flexible, efficient interfaces, appropriately conveying information to users whilst they are busily involved in their tasks. In this paper we describe a usability study dealing with two types of MMUI environments, redundant and complementary, under a controlled driving simulation environment and explore how these two approaches plus increasing modality impacts user interactions with their primary task of driving plus their secondary task of communicating.
Results show that increasing modalities potentially help users communicate more effectively in high stimuli environments though modality conflict has to be considered when the user cannot ignore it e.g. audio instructions on driving whilst talking to someone. Whilst complementary modalities show a slightly higher cognitive load rating, in general there appears little difference between redundant and complementary approaches.

Keywords

Multimodal interfaces, communication devices, cognitive load, usability

Acknowledgement

Thanks to the participants from Motorola Solutions Penang for taking part in this study and thanks to UniMas, Kuching, whose internship support facilitated study.

© 2022 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFEM). All rights reserved.

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Human Factors & Ergonomics Journal (HFEJ), eISSN: 2590-3705  is the official Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Malaysia.  The journal is published on a biannual basis. HFEJ aims to address current research in the field of Ergonomics in addition to the broad coverage of cognitive ergonomics, user experience, physical ergonomics and others such as transportation, industrial design and industrial engineering. HFEJ is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), as such we only accept original work.